КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3 по английскому языку
| Вариант1 | Вариант2 | Вариант3 | Вариант4 | Вариант5 |
Вариант 1
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Much work had been done for improving soil fertility on this farm.
2. Modern agriculture is developing in close contact with science and new technologies.
3. Our industry will increase the output of faster and more powerful tractors.
4. The driver usually increases speed gradually.
5. Some cities are so noisy and polluted that in many places vehicles have been banned in the city centre.
6. I was watching TV from 7 to 9 p. m. yesterday.
7. Ann had done her homework before her parents came.
II. В следующих предложениях подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow.
2. When sending the telegram, she forgot to write her name.
3. A fish taken out of the water cannot live.
4. They will be working at that time tomorrow.
5. He had translated the text before I came.
III. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
1. I like to play the guitar.
2. It is high time for you to go to bed.
3. I was planning to do a lot of things yesterday.
4. To get this book, you must go to the library.
5. To play chess was his greatest pleasure.
IV. Письменно переведите текст и выполните упражнение.
Culturally speaking
In the United States, as elsewhere, there is a ritual way to meet and greet people. Certain rules or formulas should be followed. The degree of formality in business varies according to the company culture. Some companies are more conservative and formal in how they address each other, how they share information, how decisions are made, how power is delegated, how people dress and so on. Other companies, especially the younger, smaller high technology companies are very progressive and informal.
If you are a foreigner doing business in America for the first time, you don’t have to be more informal than you feel comfortable with. If you want to call someone by his or her last name, you may do so. But do not be surprised (or insulted!) if your American hosts call you by your first name. At some point you will probably decide to do what they are doing. The main thing is that you can go at your own speed. In a truly formal situation you can be more formal by using tittles (Mr., Mrs., Dr., Professor, etc.) and by adding Sir or Ma’am (Yes, Sir/No, Sir, Yes, Ma’am/No, Ma’am; Thank you, Ma’am, etc.). Another thing to realize is that American business people today may know something about your country. So they might try to address you in the style of your culture. It could become very interesting, if not amusing.
Along with the handshake, nod of the head, hug, or hand gesture, Americans engage in a small talk. This light conversation or chitchat may not carry much meaning in itself, but rather is designed to break the ice – to ease into a conversation with someone you have just met. Although the order of questions may vary, the same questions are always asked, and the same remarks made: How are you? is answered by Fine, thanks or How are you? This is not an inquiry into your physical health; it is a standard greeting. A Fine, thank you is what is expected, even if your best friend was just diagnosed with a terminal illness.
You always engage in a small talk when you first meet someone. If you don’t take part in this polite type of repartee, you will be considered rude and unfriendly; therefore, it’s essential to learn the formulas. The goal of a small talk is to get to know someone, yet you should never ask personal questions too soon; instead, you start with questions or comments that elicit an expected response. This tells you if the person you are talking with is willing to communicate with you and, if so, on what level.
In the business world, there is a small talk until a relationship is established, after which one may talk specifically about business or personal concerns. After business hours, when socializing with colleagues or associates, you will need to know the acceptable topics of a conversation: weather, sports, good news, travel, positive comments about your host country, movies, entertainment, food, or the challenges of learning a foreign language. If asked, you may discuss work, where you live, or where you are staying. After work hours, when people want to relax, discussions about work or anything too serious are not welcomed. Subjects to avoid are: money, personal health, bad news, religion, politics, and details about your family or children (unless specifically asked).
Finally, be careful about jokes! Humor varies from culture to culture, and you may offend someone without realizing it. There are few things more awkward than an unfunny joke, or one that is in bad taste. People have very specific ideas about food and bad taste; you may be walking on dangerous ground when you attempt a joke and you may never realize how your joke was received because people may laugh out of politeness – or perhaps sympathy.
A small talk may last from a few minutes to over an hour, depending on circumstances. At its best, it results in a nice impression being made, a common interest being explored, or a rapport created that could be the basis of a future meeting or more serious relationship. Small talk, although it may not seem important, is actually quite important in a society. It plays a role in people’s getting to know one another, it establishes a polite and friendly tone, and it is a time for quiet observation. We form impressions from how people look, dress, speak and express attitudes by nonverbal means such as gestures, eye movements, or postures. Skipping the formality of a small talk would be in bad taste in business as elsewhere; minimizing its importance would be a mistake.
Complete the sentences choosing the most appropriate variant to the contents of the text.
1) In a formal situation a foreigner can call someone by using
a) his/ her first name
b) his/ her last name
c) his/ her title
2) A small talk carries … in itself.
a) much meaning
b) little meaning
c) no meaning
3) The goal of a small talk is …
a) to get to know people
b) to ask personal questions
c) to talk about business.
4) After work hours people like discussing …
a) their business
b) weather and sports
c) their health problems.
5) You can offend people you have just met by …
a) the way you look
b)your politeness
c) your joke.
V. Переведите текст, составьте глоссарий (15-20 слов и выражений), напишите аннотацию.
Вариант 2
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Much work had been done for improving soil fertility on this farm.
2. Modern agriculture is developing in close contact with science and new technologies.
3. Our industry will increase the output of faster and more powerful tractors.
4. The driver usually increases speed gradually.
5. Some cities are so noisy and polluted that in many places vehicles have been banned in the city centre.
6. I was watching TV from 7 to 9 p. m. yesterday.
7. Ann had done her homework before her parents came.
II. В следующих предложениях подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow.
2. When sending the telegram, she forgot to write her name.
3. A fish taken out of the water cannot live.
4. They will be working at that time tomorrow.
5. He had translated the text before I came.
III. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
1. I like to play the guitar.
2. It is high time for you to go to bed.
3. I was planning to do a lot of things yesterday.
4. To get this book, you must go to the library.
5. To play chess was his greatest pleasure.
IV. Письменно переведите текст и выполните упражнение.
Applying for a job
The happiness of any person largely depends on having a suitable job. One may learn about a job vacancy in a newspaper, from a friend, from the employment agency or TV advertisement.
To apply for a job you are interested in, it is necessary to convince the potential employer of your ability to do this job well. The first thing you should do is to prepare a resume (curriculum vitae (CV) – BrE). A resume should contain a summary of essential facts from your background: personal data, career objective, education, and work experience. You should emphasize your strong points in your resume. For example, if you have no job experience, stress your personal qualities (sociability, honesty, reliability, efficiency, etc.) or educational background. A well-composed resume will make the prospective employer understand what abilities make you a suitable person for a particular job.
If you interest the employer, he will invite you for an interview. Interviews are conducted on the various patterns: there are traditional one-to-one and group interviews, board or panel interviews (where an applicant is interviewed by a panel of interviewers), «deep-end» interviews which give a candidate the opportunity to demonstrate his skills and apply his knowledge.
To make a good impression on the interviewer it is important to find some information about the company you are going to work in. Besides, there are some rules of behavior at an interview. For instance, when greeting the interviewer you should wait until he shakes your hand. Also, you shouldn’t sit down until he offers you to do that. In the interview, it is common to avoid discussing personal, domestic or financial problems if you are not asked about.
Interviewers can’t check applicant’s professional skills immediately, so, the first thing they would like to, is the agreeable personality and friendly attitude of the interviewee. You shouldn’t criticize your former colleagues or the employer: criticism helps to reveal your own negative qualities.
Interviewers are usually interested in qualifications of the candidate, his/her previous job experience, motivation and the reasons of applying for the job. In the interview, you may ask questions too – about salary, probationary period, social guarantees, and transport facilities to or from the job, chances of promotion. But you should discuss the subject you are interested in after the interviewer had introduced it.
Interviewers may also ask candidates other kinds of difficult questions (“killer” questions) to see how they react under pressure. For example, they may ask a hypothetical question related to work, such as: “Which three famous people would you like to invite to a dinner party and why?” Or: “What would you do if an important customer was very rude to you?”
It is clear that a job interview is a stress situation for any applicant. The majority of interviewees feel nervous, and not everyone is able to show his worth in the interview. But it is necessary to concentrate oneself for some time because the conclusion about the candidate is made within the first ten minutes of the interview.
Underline or mark the main ideas of the text and comment on them in Russian/English.
V. Переведите текст, составьте глоссарий (15-20 слов и выражений), напишите аннотацию.
Вариант 3
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Much work had been done for improving soil fertility on this farm.
2. Modern agriculture is developing in close contact with science and new technologies.
3. Our industry will increase the output of faster and more powerful tractors.
4. The driver usually increases speed gradually.
5. Some cities are so noisy and polluted that in many places vehicles have been banned in the city centre.
6. I was watching TV from 7 to 9 p. m. yesterday.
7. Ann had done her homework before her parents came.
II. В следующих предложениях подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow.
2. When sending the telegram, she forgot to write her name.
3. A fish taken out of the water cannot live.
4. They will be working at that time tomorrow.
5. He had translated the text before I came.
III. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
1. I like to play the guitar.
2. It is high time for you to go to bed.
3. I was planning to do a lot of things yesterday.
4. To get this book, you must go to the library.
5. To play chess was his greatest pleasure.
IV. Письменно переведите текст и выполните упражнение.
An academic conference
An academic conference or symposium is a conference for researches (not always academics) to present and discuss their work. Together with academic or scientific journals, conferences provide an important channel for exchange of information among researches.
Conferences are usually composed of various presentations. They tend to be short and concise, with a time span of about 10 to 30 minutes; presentations are usually followed by a discussion. The work may be bundled in written form as academic papers and published as the conference proceedings. A conference will include a keynote speaker (often, scholars of some standing, but sometimes individuals from outside academia). The keynote lecture is longer, lasting sometimes up to an hour and a half, particularly if there are several keynote speakers on a panel. In addition to presentations, conferences also feature panel discussions, round tables on various issues and workshops.
Prospective presenters are usually asked to submit a short abstract of their presentation, which will be reviewed before the presentation is accepted for the meeting. In some disciplines, such as English and other languages, it is common for presenters to read from a prepared script. In other disciplines such as the sciences, presenters usually base their talk around a visual presentation that displays key figures and research results.
At some conferences, social or entertainment activities such as tours and receptions can be part of the program. Business meetings for learned societies or interest groups can also be part of the conference activities. The larger the conference, the more likely it is that academic publishing houses may set up displays. Large conferences also may have a career and job search and interview activities.
Academic conferences fall into three categories:
a) the themed conference, small conferences organized around a particular topic;
b) the general conference, a conference with sessions on a wide variety of topics, often organized by regional, national, or international learned societies, and held annually or on some other regular basis.
c) the professional conference, large conferences not limited to academics but with academically related issues.
Conferences are usually organized either by a scientific society or by a group of researchers with a common interest.
The conference is announced by way of a Call for Papers or a Call for Abstracts, which lists the topics of the meeting and tells prospective presenters how to submit their abstracts or papers. Increasingly, submissions take place online. A call for papers (CFP) is sent to interested parties, describing the broad theme, the occasion for the CFP, formalities such as what kind of abstract (summary) has to be submitted to whom and a deadline. A CFP is usually distributed using a mailing list or on specialized online services. Papers are usually submitted using an online abstract or paper management service.
Abstract management is the process of accepting and preparing abstracts for presentation at an academic conference. The terms prucis or synopsis are used in some publications to refer to the same thing that other publications might call an abstract. An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject or discipline, and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the purpose of the paper. When used, an abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript, acting as the point-of-entry for any given academic paper.
An academic abstract typically outlines four elements germane to the completed work:
a) the research focus (statement of the problem(s)/research issue(s) addressed);
b) the research methods used (experimental research, case studies, questionnaires, etc.);
c) the results/findings of the research;
d) the main conclusions and recommendations.
The abstract length varies by a discipline and publisher requirements. The typical length ranges from 100 to 500 words, but very rarely more than a page and occasionally just a few words.
Find in the text some key words and expressions to speak about presenters.
V. Переведите текст, составьте глоссарий (15-20 слов и выражений), напишите аннотацию.
Вариант 4
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Much work had been done for improving soil fertility on this farm.
2. Modern agriculture is developing in close contact with science and new technologies.
3. Our industry will increase the output of faster and more powerful tractors.
4. The driver usually increases speed gradually.
5. Some cities are so noisy and polluted that in many places vehicles have been banned in the city centre.
6. I was watching TV from 7 to 9 p. m. yesterday.
7. Ann had done her homework before her parents came.
II. В следующих предложениях подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow.
2. When sending the telegram, she forgot to write her name.
3. A fish taken out of the water cannot live.
4. They will be working at that time tomorrow.
5. He had translated the text before I came.
III. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
1. I like to play the guitar.
2. It is high time for you to go to bed.
3. I was planning to do a lot of things yesterday.
4. To get this book, you must go to the library.
5. To play chess was his greatest pleasure.
IV. Письменно переведите текст и выполните упражнение.
RUNNING A BUSINESS MEETING
Meetings are an important part of doing business. A successful meeting has no surprises. With proper preparation and careful organization, a meeting can run smoothly. Setting goals and time limits, keeping to the agenda, and knowing how to refocus are the key components of an effective meeting.
There are a number of ways that you may call or be called to a meeting. Some meetings are announced by email, and others are posted on bulletin boards. The date, location, time, length, and purpose of the meeting should be included. In order to keep the meeting on task and within the set amount of time, it is important to have an agenda. The agenda should indicate the order of items and an estimated amount of time for each item. If more than one person is going to speak during the meeting, the agenda should indicate whose turn it is to have the floor. The person in charge of calling and holding a meeting may decide to allocate certain roles to other staff members. Someone may be called upon to take the minutes, someone may be asked to do roll call, and someone may be asked to speak on a certain subject. This should be done either in person, or in an email.
Whether you are holding the meeting or attending the meeting, it is polite to make small talk while you wait for the meeting to start. You should discuss things unrelated to the meeting, such as weather, family, or weekend plans. Once everyone has arrived, the chairperson, or whoever is in charge of the meeting should formally welcome everyone to the meeting and thank the attendees for coming. If anyone at the meeting is new to the group, or if there is a guest speaker, this is the time when introductions should be made. The person in charge of the meeting can introduce the new person, or ask the person to introduce him-/her. Some people who hold meetings prefer to pass around copies of the agenda, and others will post a large copy on a wall, or use an overhead projector. No matter which format is used, attendees should be able to follow the agenda as the meeting progresses. Before beginning the first main item on the agenda, the speaker should provide a brief verbal outline of the objectives.
Anyone may be assigned to take the minutes at a meeting. The minute-taker can use a pen and paper or a laptop computer and does not need to include every word that is spoken. It is necessary to include important points and any votes and results. Indicating who said what is also necessary, which is why the minute-taker should make sure to know the names of the attendees. The minute-taker should type out the minutes immediately after the meeting so that nothing is forgotten.
One of the most difficult things about holding an effective meeting is staying within the time limits. A good agenda will outline how long each item should take. A good chairperson will do his or her best to stay within the limits.
When issues cannot be resolved or decisions cannot be easily made, they are often put to a vote. Most votes occur during meetings. Votes can be open, where people raise their hands in favor or in opposition of the issue. In an open vote, the results are evident immediately. Other votes, such as who should be elected to take on a certain role, are private or closed. During private votes, attendees fill in ballots and place them in a box to be counted. The results may not be counted until after the meeting. When a motion is voted and agreed upon, it is carried. When it is voted and disagreed upon, it is failed. Most often votes are put to a majority. If there is a tie vote, the chairperson will often cast the deciding vote.
During the meeting, participants will comment, provide feedback, or ask questions.
There are different reasons why a meeting comes to an end. Time may run out, or all of the items on the agenda may be checked off. Some meetings will end earlier than expected and others will run late. A meeting may be cut short due to an unexpected problem or circumstance.
The end of the meeting is also the time to thank anyone who has not been thanked at the beginning of the meeting, or anyone who deserves a second thank you. Congratulations or good-luck can also be offered here to someone who has experienced something new, such as receiving a promotion, getting married, or having a baby.
Put the jumbled sentences in the right order to form
useful expressions for meetings.
last — suggest — item — I — take — three — we.
the — me — points — let — main — summarize.
you — how — can — project — progressing — the — us — is - tell?
for — the — can — the — set — next — please — we — meeting — date?
close — bring — to — let's — a — this.
0all — meeting — if — here — start — we — the — are — let's.
item — minutes — there — be — will — each — for — five.
last — here — our — the — from — are — meeting — minutes.
i) declare — closed — the — I — meeting.
g) the — you — today — would — taking — minutes — mind?
V. Переведите текст, составьте глоссарий (15-20 слов и выражений), напишите аннотацию.
Вариант 5
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Much work had been done for improving soil fertility on this farm.
2. Modern agriculture is developing in close contact with science and new technologies.
3. Our industry will increase the output of faster and more powerful tractors.
4. The driver usually increases speed gradually.
5. Some cities are so noisy and polluted that in many places vehicles have been banned in the city centre.
6. I was watching TV from 7 to 9 p. m. yesterday.
7. Ann had done her homework before her parents came.
II. В следующих предложениях подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow.
2. When sending the telegram, she forgot to write her name.
3. A fish taken out of the water cannot live.
4. They will be working at that time tomorrow.
5. He had translated the text before I came.
III. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
1. I like to play the guitar.
2. It is high time for you to go to bed.
3. I was planning to do a lot of things yesterday.
4. To get this book, you must go to the library.
5. To play chess was his greatest pleasure.
IV. Письменно переведите текст и выполните упражнение.
MAKING A PRESENTATION
A presentation is the practice of showing and explaining the content of a topic to an audience or a learner. Presentations come in nearly as many forms as there are life situations. In the business world, there are sales presentations, informational and motivational presentations, interviews, status reports, image-building, and of course, training sessions.
Although individuals most often think of presentations in a business meeting context, there are countless occasions when that is not the case. For example, a school district superintendent presents a program to parents about the introductions of foreign language instruction in elementary schools; an artist demonstrates decorative painting techniques to a group of interior designers; a police officer addresses a neighborhood association about initiating a safety program. Students are often asked to make oral presentations. These can be delivered to other students in a seminar or tutorial. You might have been asked to research a subject and use a presentation as a means of introducing it to other students for discussion, or you might be asked to outline a project in which you have been involved. When looking at presentations in the broadest terms, it is more important to focus on their purpose. There are three basic purposes of giving oral presentations: to inform, to persuade, and to build goodwill.
A good presentation starts out with introductions and may include an icebreaker such as a story, an interesting statement or a fact, or an activity to get the group warmed up. The introduction also needs an objective, that is, the purpose or a goal of the presentation. This not only tells you what you will talk about, but it also informs the audience of the purpose of the presentation.
Next, the body of the presentation comes. Do not write it out word for word. All you want is an outline. By jotting down the main points on a set of index cards, you not only have your outline, but also a memory jogger for the actual presentation. There are several options for structuring the presentation.
1) Timeline: arrangement in a sequential order.
2) Climax: the main points are delivered in order of increasing importance.
3) Problem/Solution: a problem is presented, a solution is suggested, and benefits are then given.
4) Classification: the important items are the major points.
5) Simple to complex: ideas are listed from the simplest to the most complex; it can also be done in a reverse order.
Audiences believe that presenters who use visual aids are more professional and credible than the presenters who merely speak. Visual aids help presenters to emphasize the key points your audience will understand and remember. The following visual aids should be selected with respect to the needs of your audience and specific portions of your presentation: tables, bar/line graphs, diagrams, pie/flow/organizational charts. The presentation vehicles are based upon the audience’s seating arrangement: overhead projectors, easels, handouts, slides, models, and computer screens. A presentation program Microsoft PowerPoint is often used to generate the presentation content.
After the body, comes the closing. This is where you ask for questions, provide a wrap-up (summary), and thank the participants for attending.
And finally, the important part is practice. The main purpose of creating an outline is to develop a coherent plan of what you want to talk about. You should know your presentation so well that during the actual presentation you should only have to briefly glance at your notes to ensure you are staying on track. This will also help you with your nerves by giving you the confidence that you can do it. Your practice session should include a live session by practicing in front of co-workers, family, or friends. They can be valuable at providing feedback and it gives you a chance to practice controlling your nerves. Another great feedback technique is to make a video or audio tape of your presentation and review it critically with a colleague
Ответьте письменно на вопросы:
a) Have you ever made any presentations?
b) What types of presentations do you know?
c) What is the purpose of giving oral presentations?
d) Do you know how to structure a presentation?
e) Are visual aids useful for making presentations?
f) Is practice an important part of preparation for a presentation?
V. Переведите текст, составьте глоссарий (15-20 слов и выражений), напишите аннотацию.
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