<в каталог Вариант 1 I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите…

<в каталог

Вариант 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

    1. Much work had been done for improving soil fertility on this farm.

    2. Modern agriculture is developing in close contact with science and new technologies.

    3. Our industry will increase the output of faster and more powerful tractors.

    4. The driver usually increases speed gradually.

    5. Some cities are so noisy and polluted that in many places vehicles have been         banned in the city centre.          

    6. I was watching TV from 7 to 9 p. m. yesterday.

    7. Ann had done her homework before her parents came.

II. В следующих предложениях подчеркните  Participle I  и  Participle II                                               и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

    1. A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow.

    2. When sending the telegram, she forgot to write her name.

    3. A fish taken out of the water cannot live.

    4. They will be working at that time tomorrow.

    5. He had translated the text before I came.

III. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

     1. I like to play the guitar.

     2. It is high time for you to go to bed.

     3. I was planning to do a lot of things yesterday.

     4. To get this book, you must go to the library.

     5. To play chess was his greatest pleasure.

 

IV. Письменно переведите текст и выполните упражнение.

 

Culturally speaking

In the United States, as elsewhere, there is a ritual way to meet and greet people. Certain rules or formulas should be followed. The degree of formality in business varies according to the company culture. Some companies are more conservative and formal in how they address each other, how they share information, how decisions are made, how power is delegated, how people dress and so on. Other companies, especially the younger, smaller high technology companies are very progressive and informal.

If you are a foreigner doing business in America for the first time, you don’t have to be more informal than you feel comfortable with. If you want to call someone by his or her last name, you may do so. But do not be surprised (or insulted!) if your American hosts call you by your first name. At some point you will probably decide to do what they are doing. The main thing is that you can go at your own speed. In a truly formal situation you can be more formal by using tittles (Mr., Mrs., Dr., Professor, etc.) and by adding Sir or Ma’am (Yes, Sir/No, Sir, Yes, Ma’am/No, Ma’am; Thank you, Ma’am, etc.). Another thing to realize is that American business people today may know something about your country. So they might try to address you in the style of your culture. It could become very interesting, if not amusing.

Along with the handshake, nod of the head, hug, or hand gesture, Americans engage in a small talk. This light conversation or chitchat may not carry much meaning in itself, but rather is designed to break the ice – to ease into a conversation with someone you have just met. Although the order of questions may vary, the same questions are always asked, and the same remarks made: How are you? is answered by Fine, thanks or How are you? This is not an inquiry into your physical health; it is a standard greeting. A Fine, thank you is what is expected, even if your best friend was just diagnosed with a terminal illness.

You always engage in a small talk when you first meet someone. If you don’t take part in this polite type of repartee, you will be considered rude and unfriendly; therefore, it’s essential to learn the formulas. The goal of a small talk is to get to know someone, yet you should never ask personal questions too soon; instead, you start with questions or comments that elicit an expected response. This tells you if the person you are talking with is willing to communicate with you and, if so, on what level.

In the business world, there is a small talk until a relationship is established, after which one may talk specifically about business or personal concerns. After business hours, when socializing with colleagues or associates, you will need to know the acceptable topics of a conversation: weather, sports, good news, travel, positive comments about your host country, movies, entertainment, food, or the challenges of learning a foreign language. If asked, you may discuss work, where you live, or where you are staying. After work hours, when people want to relax, discussions about work or anything too serious are not welcomed. Subjects to avoid are: money, personal health, bad news, religion, politics, and details about your family or children (unless specifically asked).

Finally, be careful about jokes! Humor varies from culture to culture, and you may offend someone without realizing it. There are few things more awkward than an unfunny joke, or one that is in bad taste. People have very specific ideas about food and bad taste; you may be walking on dangerous ground when you attempt a joke and you may never realize how your joke was received because people may laugh out of politeness – or perhaps sympathy.

A small talk may last from a few minutes to over an hour, depending on circumstances. At its best, it results in a nice impression being made, a common interest being explored, or a rapport created that could be the basis of a future meeting or more serious relationship. Small talk, although it may not seem important, is actually quite important in a society. It plays a role in people’s getting to know one another, it establishes a polite and friendly tone, and it is a time for quiet observation. We form impressions from how people look, dress, speak and express attitudes by nonverbal means such as gestures, eye movements, or postures. Skipping the formality of a small talk would be in bad taste in business as elsewhere; minimizing its importance would be a mistake.

 

 Complete the sentences choosing the most appropriate variant to the contents of the text.

1) In a formal situation a foreigner can call someone by using

a) his/ her first name

b) his/ her last name

c) his/ her title

2) A small talk carries … in itself.

a) much meaning

b) little meaning

c) no meaning

3) The goal of a small talk is …

a) to get to know people

b) to ask personal questions

c) to talk about business.

4) After work hours people like discussing …

a) their business

b) weather and sports

c) their health problems.

5) You can offend people you have just met by …

a) the way you look

b)your politeness

c) your joke.

V. Переведите текст, составьте глоссарий (15-20 слов и выражений), напишите аннотацию.

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