Вариант I I. Перепишите предложения. Определите какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание…

Вариант I

I. Перепишите предложения. Определите какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет:

а) показатель 3^-го лица единственного числа глагола в простом настоящем времени (Present Simple);

б) признак множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показатель притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Предложения переведите:

1.  He books tickets in the office.

2.  All books were taken from the library yesterday.

3.  Electricity plays an important part in everyday life.

4. Students attend the professor’s lectures.

5. The electrician repairs the wires in his parents’ house.

 

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, подчеркните эти формы и переведите предложения:

1.  One of the most famous buildings in England is St. Paul’s Cathedral.

2.  This room is smaller than mine.

3.  The longer is the night, the shorter is the day.

4.  The greater the potential difference, the greater is the electron flow.

 

III. Выберите правильную форму прилагательных. Предложения переведите.

1. Jill is a far (more intelligent, most intelligent) person than my brother.

2. Kate was the (more practical, most practical) of the family.

3. Greg felt (worse, the worst) yesterday than the day before.

4. Jack was the (taller, tallest) of the two.

5. Could you come a bit (earlier, earliest) tomorrow?

6.  It’s a lot (easy, easier) to learn a foreign language in the country where it is spoken.

7. Computers are one of the (latest, later) dis­coveries of the 20th century.

8. Jane is (older, oldest) than Jack by two years.

 

IV. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол сказуемое и определите его видовременную и залоговую форму. Предложения переведите:

     1. Russian Scientists are solving many complex problems.

2. Radio astronomy has given mankind efficient means for penetration into space.

3. We had received good results before the auditors came.

4. They provide agricultural machinery, inorganic fertilizers, seeds and animal feed.

5. In 1871 Lord Rayleigh developed the theory of light scattering.

6. Tom was working in the laboratory the whole day.

7. You will probably be working when I ring you up.

8. You will not understand the idea of the text if you read it inaccurately.

 

V. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в каждом модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения:

1.  Students may use a dictionary while translating the article.

2.  Mass can also be defined as a measure of inertia.

3.  Man-made satellites had to use solar cells as a source of power.

4. You must fasten your seat belt for landing and taking off.

5. He may be there to meet us. / Нe may meet us.

6. This is a surprise. You shouldn’t tell anybody about it.

 

VI. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на функцию слова one:

1.  One must study hard if one wants to pass one’s exams.

2.  These trucks are too small, they will need bigger ones.

 

VII. Письменно переведите текст, обращая внимание на пояснения к тексту:

 

Electric current

The current which flows along wires consists of moving electrons. In other words, the flow of moving electrons is the form of the electric current. What can we say about the electron?  We consider the electron to be a minute particle having an electric charge. This charge is negative. As these minute charges travel along a wire, that wire carries an electric current.

In addition to traveling through solids, the electric current can flow through liquids as well and even through gases. In both cases it produces some most important effects to meet industrial requirements. Some liquids such as melted metals, for example, conduct current without any change to themselves. Others, called electrolytes, change greatly when the current passes through them.

The reader certainly remembers that a negatively charged electron moves to the positive end of the wire. It had been supposed to move in the wrong way, from the positive end of the circuit to the negative, long before the electrons were discovered. In fact, when a wire is carrying a current from left to right, the electrons in it are really flowing from right to left.

When the electrons are flowing in one direction only, the current in the wire is direct. The simplest source of power for direct currents is a battery. A battery pushes the electrons in the same direction all the time.

The alternating current flows first in one direction and then in the opposite one. The alternating current used for power and lighting purposes goes through 50 cycles in one second.

One of the great advantages of alternating current is the ease with which power at low voltage can be changed into an almost similar amount of power at high voltage and vice versa.

In fact, at least 90 per cent of electric energy to be generated at present is alternating current. It finds a wide application for lighting, heating, industrial and other purposes.

 

Пояснения к тексту:

in addition to – кроме того, к тому же

as well – также, тоже

in other words – другими словами

to meet requirements – удовлетворять нужды, отвечать требованиям

for example – например

in fact – фактически, на самом деле

in one second – в секунду

vice versa – наоборот

at least – по крайней мере

 

IX. Переведите следующие технические термины и словосочетания:

 

electric current	effects of the electric current
direct current	source of power
alternating current	low (high) voltage
electric charge	(electric) circuit
negative charge	moving electrons
positive charge

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