Вариант V   I. Перепишите предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это…

Вариант V

 

I. Перепишите предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет:

а) показатель 3^-го лица единственного числа глагола в простом настоящем времени (Present Simple);

б) признак множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показатель притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Предложения переведите:

1. The Izhevsk Mechanical Plant produces different kinds of sport and hunting guns.
2. A well-known inventor Kalashnikov works at the great amalgamation “Izhmash”.
3. The student’s hostel is within 5 minutes walk from the Academy.

 

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, подчеркните эти формы и переведите предложения:

1. Automatic devices make labor safer and easier.
2. The more often you speak to this girl, the more you like her.
3. English and Spain languages are the most popular at present.
4. The higher the temperature of a metal, the higher is its resistance.

 

III. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол сказуемое и определите его видовременную и залоговую форму. Предложения переведите:

1. 1. Astronomers have measured the exact length of the day.

2. The use of consumer electronics is increasing at present.

b)  1. The chemical properties of an element are determined by orbiting electrons.

     2. As a rule one great discovery is generally followed by numerous others.

     3. The papers have not yet been sent.

     4. The construction of the road was being completed when the commission arrived.

 

IV. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните причастия, установите функцию каждого из них, переведите предложения:

1. The cloud chamber (камера Вильсона) is the devices used to detect the presence of radioactivity.
2. Matter consists of one or a number of basics elements occurring in nature.
3. Engineers can use several modern devices while detecting and measuring radioactivity.
4. When heated to a certain temperature, this alloy increases in volume.

 

V. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в каждом модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения:

1. We can think of heat as a special form of kinetic energy.
2. A computer should solve complicated problems many millions of times faster than a mathematician.
3. New types of plastics had to be obtained for space technology.
4.  Scientists have to use different special instruments in their research work.

 

VI. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив, установите его функцию и переведите предложения:

1. Russian science was the first to make great contribution to the development of space technology.

2. In order to make interplanetary flights it is necessary to know factors affecting the human organism.

3. The main purpose of the computers is to solve complex problems quickly.

 

VII. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на функцию слова one:

1. One must remember that it is necessary to study English at least an hour a day.
2. I have only red pencils, I’ll buy some green ones.

 

VIII. Письменно переведите текст, обращая внимание на пояснения к тексту:

 

Electromotive force

The electromotive force (e.m.f.) is the very force that moves the electrons from one point in an electric circuit towards another. The greater the electromotive force, the greater the pressure on the electrons moving through the conductor. A battery or the other source of an electromotive force is simply a device that produces a potential difference necessary for causing electric current to flow along a conductor. We know the current to flow through a conductor in case there is a potential difference between the ends of the conductor.

The e.m.f. is measured and the volt is the unit in which it is measured.

One should distinguish between an electromotive force and a potential difference. A generator or battery is a source of electromotive force, whereas the voltage across a resistance in which a current is flowing is a potential difference or voltage drop. The e.m.f. of a battery or a generator cannot be measured exactly at its terminals since these devices have an internal voltage drop when the circuit is completed.

If an e.m.f. is applied to a path which allows the electrons to pass, they will move toward the point of higher potential, and then current flows in the circuit.

In a closed circuit consisting of a source of e.m.f., of metallic conductors and a device, the electric current is flowing from a plus terminal of a source of e.m.f. to minus terminal, giving up its energy in the form of heat.

When the current flows through a source of e.m.f. in the direction in which the e.m.f. tends to produce current, energy is transferred from the source of e.m.f. to the circuit. Quite the opposite, the current flowing against the e.m.f., energy is transferred from the circuit to the source of e.m.f.

 

Пояснения к тексту:

the very – тот самый

in case – в случае, если

coulomb – кулон

one should distinguish – следует различать

in general – вообще

quite the opposite – наоборот

to give up energy – отдавать энергию

unit – единица (измерения)

 

IX. Переведите следующие технические термины и словосочетания:

 

electric circuit	voltage across a resistance
closed circuit	terminals of a battery
potential difference	to transfer energy
unit of e.m.f.	direction of e.m.f.
voltage drop	to measure the e.m.f.
internal voltage drop	resistance of a conductor

 

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