Вариант III   I. Перепишите предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это…

Вариант III

 

I. Перепишите предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет:

а) показатель 3^-го лица единственного числа глагола в простом настоящем времени (Present Simple);

б) признак множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показатель притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Предложения переведите:

1. The lecturer gave several examples of Russian scientists’ achievements.
2. The foundation of Izhevsk dates back to 1760.
3. The author mentions this phenomenon in his articles.

 

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, подчеркните эти формы и переведите предложения:

1. The more I studied English, the more I liked it.
2. My friend is the best student of our group.
3. Your composition is better, than mine.
4. The faster the molecules of a substance move, the higher is the temperature of it.

 

 III. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол сказуемое и определите его видовременную и залоговую форму. Предложения переведите:

1. 1. The reactor is fast becoming a major source of heart and electricity.

2. Scientists have found ways of measuring the sizes and positions of bodies in the Universe.

b) 1. Elements are transformed into other elements in different ways.

    2. The launching of “Sputnik-1” was followed by many achievements in science and engineering.

    3. The explanation of these facts has not been given yet.

    4. Several attempts have been made recently to produce artificial rain.

 

IV. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните причастия, установите функцию каждого из них, переведите предложения:

1. These reactions convert hydrogen into helium giving off a great amount of light and heat.
2. The formula E=mc2 deduced by Einstein is perhaps the most well-known equation in the world.
3. Soils containing too much sand or clay are off less value in agriculture.
4. Plastics articles are often difficult to repair if broken.

 

V. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в каждом модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения:

1. Laser light can be used to transmit power of various types.
2. The application of computers should help in automatic control in industrial processes.
3. These new materials had to withstand much higher temperatures than metals.
4. Ethylene gas may be obtained by cracking petroleum.

 

VI. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив, установите его функцию и переведите предложения:

1. They promised to supply us with the necessary equipment.
2. The purpose of this book is to describe certain properties of metals.
3. The experiment to be carried out is very important for our research.
4. To convert chemical energy into electrical energy we must use an electrical cell.

 

VII. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на функцию слова one:

1. One must know the chemical properties of the atom.
2. He hasn’t got a radio-set, he wants to buy one.

 

VIII. Письменно переведите текст, обращая внимание на пояснения к тексту:

 

Conductors and Insulators

All substances have some ability to transmit electrons but they differ greatly in the ease with which electrons pass through them. For instance, a copper wire conducts electricity readily, glass conducts so little currents that it is hardly measurable. Substances through which currents easily pass are the conductors. Substances strongly resisting the flow of current are the insulators. An insulator is also called a dielectric.

Almost all metals are good conductors of electricity but we consider silver to be the best conductor of all. Copper comes next, it is followed by aluminium. Copper is our commonly used conductor.

Some liquids also conduct electric currents. They even prove to be good conductors of electricity. Most gases conduct current under proper conditions of pressure and temperature. However, they are not as good electrical conductors as metals.

The most common materials used to resist electric flow are: glass, rubber, porcelain, paper, oil, cotton and silk. Non-ionized clean air is also considered to be a good insulator. It is often used for this purpose in electrical apparatus.

It would be quite wrong to think that conducting materials are the only materials used for the transmission of power. We need both conductors and insulators. We cannot do without the copper wire which conducts the electric power and, acts as a conductor. However, we have to use an insulator to prevent electrical losses.

In the transmission of power we generally employ the best conductors.

 

Пояснения к тексту:

for instance – например

however – однако

it would be quite wrong – было бы неправильно …..

the only – единственный

to do without – обходиться без

in order that – для того, чтобы

 

IX. Переведите следующие технические термины и словосочетания:

 

to conduct electricity	transmission of power
to transmit electrons	electrical loss
electric current	non-ionized air
electric field	conducting material
electric conductor	insulating material
to resist electric flow

 

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