Вариант I   I. Перепишите предложения. Определите какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это…

Вариант I

 

I. Перепишите предложения. Определите какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет:

а) показатель 3^-го лица единственного числа глагола в простом настоящем времени (Present Simple);

б) признак множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показатель притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Предложения переведите:

1. The Big Ben clock weights 13,5 tons.
2. The students’ reports were interesting.
3. Electricity plays an important part in everyday life.

 

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, подчеркните эти формы и переведите предложения:

1. One of the most famous buildings in England is St. Paul’s Cathedral.
2. This room is smaller than mine.
3. The longer is the night, the shorter is the day.
4. The greater the potential difference, the greater is the electron flow.

 

III. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол сказуемое и определите его видовременную и залоговую форму. Предложения переведите:

1. 1. Russian Scientists are solving many complex problems.

2. Radio astronomy has given mankind efficient means for penetration into space.

b) 1. The discovery was followed by any intensive research work.

    2. Heart energy is transmitted in two different ways.

    3. The temperature has been maintained at the point of 20 degrees since the beginning of the experiment.

    4. The work is being done now and soon it will be finished.

 

IV. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните причастия, установите функцию каждого из них, переведите предложения:

1. Nylon was the first synthetic fibre used in clothing.
2. The atoms forming our planet are built of negative electrons, positive protons and ordinary neutrons.
3. This kind of treatment when used makes the metal heart-resistant.
4. When passing through an electroscope, X-rays cause its discharge.

 

V. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в каждом модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения:

1. Students may use a dictionary while translating the article.
2. Mass can also be defined as a measure of inertia.
3. Man-made satellites had to use solar cells as a source of power.

 

VI. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив, установите его функцию. Переведите предложения:

1. It is necessary for specialists to know a foreign language.
2. Our scientists were the first to construct and launch the space rocket.
3. Our idea was to design a new device for automatic control.
4. To increase the productivity of labor we must use the up-to-date technological methods.

 

VII. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на функцию слова one:

1. One must study hard if one wants to pass one’s exams.
2. These trucks are too small, they will need bigger ones.

 

VIII. Письменно переведите текст, обращая внимание на пояснения к тексту:

 

Electric current

The current which flows along wires consists of moving electrons. In other words, the flow of moving electrons is the form of the electric current. What can we say about the electron?  We consider the electron to be a minute particle having an electric charge. This charge is negative. As these minute charges travel along a wire, that wire carries an electric current.

In addition to traveling through solids, the electric current can flow through liquids as well and even through gases. In both cases it produces some most important effects to meet industrial requirements. Some liquids such as melted metals, for example, conduct current without any change to themselves. Others, called electrolytes, change greatly when the current passes through them.

The reader certainly remembers that a negatively charged electron moves to the positive end of the wire. It had been supposed to move in the wrong way, from the positive end of the circuit to the negative, long before the electrons were discovered. In fact, when a wire is carrying a current from left to right, the electrons in it are really flowing from right to left.

When the electrons are flowing in one direction only, the current in the wire is direct. The simplest source of power for direct currents is a battery. A battery pushes the electrons in the same direction all the time.

The alternating current flows first in one direction and then in the opposite one. The alternating current used for power and lighting purposes goes through 50 cycles in one second.

One of the great advantages of alternating current is the ease with which power at low voltage can be changed into an almost similar amount of power at high voltage and vice versa.

In fact, at least 90 per cent of electric energy to be generated at present is alternating current. It finds a wide application for lighting, heating, industrial and other purposes.

 

Пояснения к тексту:

in addition to – кроме того, к тому же

as well – также, тоже

in other words – другими словами

to meet requirements – удовлетворять нужды, отвечать требованиям

for example – например

in fact – фактически, на самом деле

in one second – в секунду

vice versa – наоборот

at least – по крайней мере

 

IX. Переведите следующие технические термины и словосочетания:

 

electric current	effects of the electric current
direct current	source of power
alternating current	low (high) voltage
electric charge	(electric) circuit
negative charge	moving electrons
positive charge

 

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