Вариант № 1 I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и…

Вариант № 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, то есть служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-его лица единственного числа глагола в простом настоящем времени (Present Simple)

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Agricultural machines plow, sow, cultivate and harvest crops.
2. The gearbox provides eight forward speeds and four reverse speeds.
3. The horse – drawn plow makes only one furrow, Bill’s machine makes three.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, подчеркните эти формы, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The simplest method of lubricating an engine is to mix the oil with the petrol.
2. Our industry produces faster and more powerful tractors.
3. The better you maintain the tractor, the longer it will work.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения: подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

a) 1. The conversion of potential energy into mechanical energy takes place in the cylinder.

    2. Modern agriculture is developing in close contact with science and mechanization plays an important part in it.

    3. Man has done much to adapt crops to the soil and to provide various kinds of fertilizers.

б) 1. The piston is attached to the connecting rod by a pin.

    2. Much work had been done for improving soil fertility on this farm.

    3. The seed – bed is being properly cultivated with the help of this harrow.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения: подчеркните Participle I (причастие I) и Participle II (причастие II) и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The type of engine used to power the tractor is an internal combustion engine.
2. The purpose of the transmission system of a tractor is to transmit the power produced by the engine to the rear wheels.
3. As the oil enters the crankcase with the petrol and air, droplets settle on the connecting rod and main bearings.
4. To raise the level of mechanization of the vegetables production, including potatoes, fruit and livestock production is our interest.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. How can liquid fuel be changed into rotational mechanical energy?
2. A lubricant often has to perform many duties, in addition to its fundamental job of reducing friction and wear.
3. The duties of lubricant may include acting as a rust preventer, a coolant, a sealing agent, a hydraulic fluid and a flushing agent to remove dust and metallic particles.
4. The coulter is to make a vertical cut and divide the soil that is raised by the share from the unplowed land.

VI. Перепишите предложения, переведите, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.

1. One of the last field operation to be used by tractor was row crop cultivation.
2. These machines were maneuverable enough to replace horses in cultivating row crops.
3. Never attempt to disassemble or adjust the fuel equipment in field conditions.
4. To obtain a perfect seal between the piston and the cylinder wall, spring rings are fitted to the piston.

VII. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на функцию слова one:

1. To cultivate crops one must use harrows and weeders.
2. The horse – drawn plow makes only one furrow.

VIII. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

Agricultural machines in field operation

Agricultural processes begin with seed-bed preparation.

First of all comes stubble-cleaning which is made by means of a stubble cleaner. This machine turns up the ground, mixes it up with the stubble and partly turns it over. Then follows ploughing. In modern practice ploughing is effected by gang-ploughs which are generally trailers, but are sometimes also mounted on the bottom of the plough. The foot cuts the soil, after which the share goes into the ground more deeply, while the mouldboard throws the slides aside. Seed-bed preparation is affected by refining with the help of sweepers, next with tine and disc harrows, then by leveling, cultivation and finally rolling.

After that comes seeding which is at present always effected by means of tractor-driven drills. Not unfrequently fertilizers are applied at the same time as drilling takes place. This practice is known as ferti-seeding.

IX. Найдите эквиваленты в тексте и в контрольных заданиях к следующим словам и выражениям: